How do black spots form on the face?

Black spots, also known as hyperpigmentation, are caused by an overproduction of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. Melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes in the skin.

Factors that contribute to black spots include:

• Genetics: Some people are more likely to develop black spots due to their genes.
• Sun exposure: Excessive sun exposure can increase melanin production and lead to hyperpigmentation.
• Hormones: Certain hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, can also affect melanin production.
• Medical conditions: Some underlying medical conditions, such as thyroid disorders and diabetes, can cause hyperpigmentation.
• Lifestyle factors: Smoking, drinking alcohol, and obesity can also contribute to hyperpigmentation.

How black spots form:

1. Melanin production: Melanocytes produce melanin, a pigment that gives skin its color.
2. Melanin distribution: Melanin is produced and distributed throughout the skin.
3. Hyperpigmentation: When melanin production exceeds the body's ability to remove it, it can accumulate in the skin, leading to hyperpigmentation.
4. Black spots: Black spots are caused by the concentration of melanin in specific areas of the skin, resulting in dark spots.

Note: Black spots can be treated with various methods, including topical treatments, laser therapy, and chemical peels.